Treatment for mouth diseases in Bangalore
Mucous retention cyst
This is a swelling seen in the oral cavity due to blockage of the duct of the seromucinous glands. This is usually caused due to lip biting or trauma. Seen more commonly in younger people. They appear on the inside of the lip or floor of mouth like clear or bluish cystic swelling. They are painless and sizes may vary. Small mucoceles often go away but they are known to recur hence surgical removal is the treatment of choice.
Aphthous Ulcers
It is a small, shallow ulcer seen in the mouth.Exact cause is not known. It is attributed to stress, impaired immune system, nutritional deficiencies (vit B12, folic acid, iron deficiency), underlying systemic diseases, ill fitting dentures, braces. It presents as a small reddish painful ulcer that appear on the mucosal surface. They can be multiple which can cause trouble in eating and talking. Depending on the number and size of the lesions, associated symptoms the condition is treated medically by a local anesthetic and numerous anti-inflammatory medications.
Herpes Labialis
This is an infection caused by Herpes simplex virus. It presents as fluid filled lesions usually over the border of the lips, gums, the front of tongue, inside of cheek, roof of mouth and sometimes throat also. It can spread to others by skin to skin contact and through saliva. Depending on the extent of lesions, this condition is treated medically by antiviral medications and analgesics.
Oral Mucositis
It is the inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the oral cavity. Most commonly seen in patients who have undergone treatment for cancers (chemotherapy and radiation). The mucosal lining of the mouth becomes thin, may slough off and become red, inflammed and ulcerated. It can be extremely painful described as burning sensation in the mouth. Hence patient may experience trouble in speaking, eating and opening of mouth. It can also be associated with altered taste sensation. It can get infected by bacteria or virus. Treatment is supportive to maintain oral hygiene and to relieve pain.
Herpes Labialis
This is an infection caused by Herpes simplex virus. It presents as fluid filled lesions usually over the border of the lips, gums, the front of tongue, inside of cheek, roof of mouth and sometimes throat also. It can spread to others by skin to skin contact and through saliva. Depending on the extent of lesions, this condition is treated medically by antiviral medications and analgesics.
Burning mouth syndrome
It is a painful condition which causes burning, scalding or tingling feeling in the mouth that may occur everyday and can last for a very long time. It is most commonly seen in elderly patients. It usually affects the tongue, gums, lips, inside of cheeks and roof of mouth. It can be associated with dry mouth, alteration in taste or loss of taste and numbness. It is caused due to problems related to sensory nerves or due to any underlying medical conditions like xerostomia, oral infections, nutritional deficiencies, allergies, GERD, intake of certain medications, dental surgeries etc. It can lead to depression and anxiety. Depending on the severity and the underlying medical condition, it can be treated with medications accordingly.
Oral Candidiasis
It is a type of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. It is usually seen in people with immune deficiency and in those who use oral steroid sprays. It presents as white lesions over the tongue, inner part of cheeks and can also be seen in the oropharynx. It can be associated with difficulty in swallowing, alteration in taste and burning sensation in mouth. It is treated by Antifungal medications, Topical and systemic, Lozenges and other antiseptic medications.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
It is a precancerous condition of the oral cavity where there is inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. It is seen in people who have the habit of chewing tobacco, betel nut, pan masala etc. Patients presents with difficulty in opening the mouth (Trismus) which is progressive and hence it causes difficulty in eating and swallowing. It has the risk of transformation into Squamous cell carcinoma. It is treated by removing the offending agent, Intralesional injections and other supportive medications.
Leukoplakia
It is also a precancerous condition of the oral cavity characterised by thickened, white patches seen in the mouth which cannot be attributed to any disease. It is most commonly seen in people who Smoke and chew tobacco. It is also called Smokers keratosis. It presents as thickened white patches over the gums, tongue, inside of cheeks, floor of mouth. On scrapping the patches it can result in bleeding areas. Since it can transform into cancer, it is important to recognize and treat this condition as early as possible. It is treated by stopping the offending agent, topical medications and long standing doubtful cases need to be surgically excised and sent for biopsy for confirmation.
Halitosis
It is a persistent, unpleasant odour of the exhaled breath. It can be due to poor dental/oral hygiene, dehydration or eating certain foods, chronic tonsillitis, tonsillar stones or can also be due to some underlying medical condition. Depending on the cause it can be treated either medically or surgically in cases of Tonsils or teeth being the source.
Tumours of oral cavity
Tumours can be divided as benign and malignant.
The various benign tumours seen in oral cavity are -
- Papilloma
- Hemangioma
- Lymphangioma
- Fibroma
- Keratoacanthoma
- Lipoma
- Fibrous dysplasia
- Odontogenic tumours
Malignant tumours are very aggressive and tends to spread locally and distantly. It is usually seen in those who smoke/chew tobacco and consume alcohol. It presents as mass lesion in the mouth and can involve any region, most commonly the inside of cheek (buccal mucosa), Tongue, lips. It is diagnosed by tissue biopsy and other imaging studies to know the extent of spread. It is treated vigourously by Surgical excision, Chemotherapy and Radiation depending on the extent of disease.